was ist lateinamerika

The doctrine warns European nations that the United States will no longer tolerate any new colonization of Latin American countries. Due to the Andes Mountains, Amazon River and Amazon Forest, there have always been difficulties in implementing transcontinental or bioceanic highways. Mexico is possibly the only country that contains a wider variety of indigenous languages than any Latin American country, but the most spoken language is Nahuatl. Latin America and the Caribbean have been cited by numerous sources to be the most dangerous regions in the world. Wegen ihrer Größe dominieren Brasilien und Mexiko die Karte. Ibidem Fausto 1999, Chapter 2, 2.1 to 2.3, Engerman, Stanley L., and Kenneth L. Sokoloff. [115] In June 1988, SADF armor and artillery engaged FAPLA-Cuban forces at Techipa, killing 290 Angolans and 10 Cubans. Some Latin American countries viewed the U.S. interventions, allowed by the Monroe Doctrine when the U.S. deems necessary, with suspicion.[67]. Education expanded, and social security systems introduced, but benefits usually went to the middle class, not the poor. [237][238][239] In the footwear industry, in 2019, Brazil ranked 4th among world producers. The Vatican replaced hundreds of progressive clergy and summarily repressed discussions of reproductive issues. "[23] Therefore, as Michel Gobat puts it, the term Latin America itself had an "anti-imperial genesis," and their creators were far from supporting any form of imperialism in the region, or in any other place of the globe. [53], In Argentina, the conflict manifested itself as a prolonged civil war between unitarianas (i.e. In 2019, Brazil had 217 hydroelectric plants in operation, with an installed capacity of 98,581 MW, 60.16% of the country's energy generation. found that 9,000 war criminals escaped to South America, including Croats, Ukrainians, Russians and other western Europeans who aided the Nazi war machine. Because most of the slaves then were African-born, they were more subject to rebellion. Their experiences bear similarities to those of Japanese Peruvian immigrants, who are often relegated to low income jobs typically occupied by foreigners. These groups are in the circum Caribbean region. Februar 2021 online im kino 3 statt. The distinction between Latin America and Anglo-America is a convention based on the predominant languages in the Americas by which Romance-language and English-speaking cultures are distinguished. In 1982, Mexico announced that it could not meet its foreign debt payment obligations, inaugurating a debt crisis that would "discredit" Latin American economies throughout the decade. [citation needed], After World War II, the United States and Latin America continued to have a close relationship. [60] Great Britain invested significant capital in Latin America to develop the area as a market for processed goods. Lateinamerika Institut Steiermark. As of March 2, 2020, population of Latin America and the Caribbean was estimated at more than 652 million,[9] and in 2019, Latin America had a combined nominal GDP of US$5,188,250 million[10] and a GDP PPP of 10,284,588 million USD. Lateinamerika ist … The second event, the Walker affair, happened the same year both works were written: the decision by U.S. president Franklin Pierce to recognize the regime recently established in Nicaragua by American William Walker and his band of filibusters who ruled Nicaragua for nearly a year (1856–57) and attempted to reinstate slavery there, where it had been already abolished for three decades. [183] Most of the top countries with the highest homicide rates are in Africa and Latin America. [275][276], Nuclear energy accounts for about 4% of Brazil's electricity. The region was home to many indigenous peoples and advanced civilizations, including the Aztecs, Toltecs, Maya, and Inca. It was originally drafted to meet the present major concerns, but eventually became the precept of U.S. foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere. Pineapple in Veracruz, Mexico. [citation needed]. Lateinamerika ist ein relativ junger Begriff und erst ab der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Colombia began to export flowers, emeralds and coffee grains and gold, becoming the world's second-leading flower exporter. The instability that followed the disintegration of the union led to the independence of the other Central American countries. In his famous 1963 book The Rise of the West, William Hardy McNeill wrote that: Racially mixed societies arose in most of Spanish and Portuguese America, compounded in varying proportions from European, Indian, and Negro strands. Some groups formed more permanent settlements such as the Chibcha (or "Muisca" or "Muysca") and the Tairona groups. Auch europaweit ist es in diesem Bereich führend. The United States involvement in the slave trade is well known amongst North America, however it hides a larger and in some ways crueler operation in the south which had a much longer history.[40]. However, it was not a secret that Vargas had an admiration for Hitler's Nazi Germany and its Führer. (1970). These countries came to be called banana republics. to have made it to Brazil; around 500 to 1,000 to Chile; and the rest to Paraguay and Uruguay. It is located at the Central Nuclear Almirante Álvaro Alberto (CNAAA) on the Praia de Itaorna in Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro. He asked Latin American intellectuals to search for their "intellectual emancipation" by abandoning all French ideas, claiming that France was: "Hypocrite, because she [France] calls herself protector of the Latin race just to subject it to her exploitation regime; treacherous, because she speaks of freedom and nationality, when, unable to conquer freedom for herself, she enslaves others instead! On May 1, 1857, Walker was forced by a coalition of Central American armies to surrender himself to a United States Navy officer who repatriated him and his followers. In 1804, Haiti became the first Latin American nation to gain independence, following a violent slave revolt led by Toussaint L'ouverture on the French colony of Saint-Domingue. Liberalists wanted to see a change in the ruling systems, and to move away from monarchs and social classes to promote equality. [124], The COVID-19 pandemic proved a political challenge for many unstable Latin American democracies, with scholars identifying a decline in civil liberties as a result of opportunistic emergency powers. Latin America is a group of countries and dependencies in the Western Hemisphere where Romance languages such as Spanish, Portuguese, and French are predominantly spoken. The term "Latin America" was first used in an 1856 conference with the title "Initiative of America. The Brazilian War of Independence, which had already begun along other independent movements around the region, spread through northern, northeastern regions and in Cisplatina province. Some of the countries that abolished sodomy laws or banned any reference to state interference in consensual adult sexuality in the 19th century were Dominican Republic (1822), Brazil (1824), Peru (1836), Mexico (1871), Paraguay (1880), Argentina (1887), Honduras (1899), Guatemala and El Salvador. [43], On April 7, 1831, worn down by years of administrative turmoil and political dissensions with both liberal and conservative sides of politics, including an attempt of republican secession,[44] as well as unreconciled with the way that absolutists in Portugal had given to the succession of King John VI, Pedro I went to Portugal to reclaim his daughter's crown, abdicating the Brazilian throne in favor of his five-year-old son and heir (who thus became the Empire's second monarch, with the regnal title of Dom Pedro II). In Nicaragua, Spanish is the official language, but on the country's Caribbean coast English and indigenous languages such as Miskito, Sumo, and Rama also hold official status. Water supply and sanitation in Latin America is characterized by insufficient access and in many cases by poor service quality, with detrimental impacts on public health. Advances in public health caused an explosion of population growth, making it difficult to provide social services. For example, USAID created family planning programs in Latin America combining the NGOs already in place, providing the women in largely Catholic areas access to contraception.[74]. Many nations such as those in Asia have joined others on a rapid economic growth path, but Latin America has grown at slower pace and its share of world output declined from 9.5% in 1980 to 7.8% in 2008.[199]. The telegram instructed Ambassador Eckardt that if the U.S. appeared certain to enter the war, he was to approach the Mexican Government with a proposal for a military alliance, with funding from Germany. [274], Wealth inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean remains a serious issue despite strong economic growth and improved social indicators over the past decade. Brazil, Argentina and Mexico are among the 10 largest world producers. In vielen dieser Länder verfügt die Bevölkerung heute über eher wenig Wohlstand. Various black, Asian and Zambo (mixed black and Amerindian) minorities are also identified regularly. [142] About 70% of the Latin American population consider themselves Catholic. Countries in Central America, like El Salvador and Honduras, top the list of homicides in the world. Almost entirely passenger transport from the Amazon plain is done by this waterway, in addition to practically all cargo transportation that is directed to the major regional centers of Belém and Manaus). The comprehensive Free Trade Area of the Americas project, however, was rejected by most South American countries at the 2005 4th Summit of the Americas. His presidency did not last long, however, as he was met with much opposition from political groups in Nicaragua and neighbouring countries. In the 1970s, Mexico was the location for many cult horror and action movies. The Bay of Pigs invasion was an unsuccessful invasion of Cuba in 1961, financed by the U.S. through the CIA, to overthrow Fidel Castro. [251] Argentina has more than 600,000 km of roads, of which about 70,000 km are paved, and about 2,500 km are divided highways. The next year the British attacked once again with a much larger force attempting to reach and conquer Montevideo. Although the initial overthrow of the Somoza regime in 1978–79 was a bloody affair, the Contra War of the 1980s took the lives of tens of thousands of Nicaraguans and was the subject of fierce international debate. [21] The conference had the title "Initiative of the America. [270] While the world average wind production capacity factors is 24.7%, there are areas in Northern Brazil, specially in Bahia State, where some wind farms record with average capacity factors over 60%;[271][272] the average capacity factor in the Northeast Region is 45% in the coast and 49% in the interior. Joaquín Torres García and Manuel Rendón have been credited with bringing the Constructivist Movement into Latin America from Europe. Both urban and rural populations had serious grievances as a result of the above economic and global trends and have voiced them in mass demonstrations. [57] As a result, the local garrison protecting the capitol was destroyed in an attempt to defend against the British conquest. Brazil's hydroelectric potential has not yet been fully exploited, so the country still has the capacity to build several renewable energy plants in its territory. Die Stadt Juarez in Mexiko gilt sogar als der gefährlichste Ort der Welt. Argentina has important international airports such as Buenos Aires, Cordoba, Bariloche, Mendoza, Salta, Puerto Iguazú, Neuquén and Usuhaia, among others. Minor blocs or trade agreements are the G3 Free Trade Agreement, the Dominican Republic – Central America Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA), the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the Andean Community of Nations (CAN). How many power plants do we have in Brazil? Another trend is the rapidly increasing importance of the relations with China.[121]. [96] In 1954, when Jacobo Arbenz of Guatemala accepted the support of communists and attacked holdings of the United Fruit Company, the US decided to assist Guatemalan counter-revolutionaries in overthrowing Arbenz. In the same year in Mexico, a military officer, Agustín de Iturbide, led a coalition of conservatives and liberals who created a constitutional monarchy, with Iturbide as emperor. The set of specific economic policy prescriptions that were considered the "standard" reform package were promoted for crisis-wracked developing countries by Washington, D.C.-based institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, and the US Department of the Treasury during the 1980s and 1990s. At the turn of the 20th century, modernismo emerged, a poetic movement whose founding text was Nicaraguan poet Rubén Darío's Azul (1888). So brachten sie nicht nur ihre Sprachen in die „Neue Welt“, sondern auch das Christentum. It did not directly contribute with troops, aircraft, or ships, however 112 Dominicans were integrated into the US military and fought in the war. Similarly, when African slaves were brought to the Caribbean region and Brazil, where there was very little indigenous presence left, unions between them and Spanish produced a population of mixed mulatos ... who are a majority of the population in many of those Spanish-speaking Caribbean basin countries (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Colombia, and Venezuela). [147] 31.7 million Americans listed their ancestry as Mexican as of 2010, or roughly 10% of the population. https://klexikon.zum.de/index.php?title=Lateinamerika&oldid=123489, „Creative Commons: Namensnennung-Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 3.0 Deutschland". Diese Seite wurde bisher 1.967-mal abgerufen. With only the aid of 56 followers, he was able to take over the city of Granada, declaring himself commander of the army and installing Patricio Rivas as a puppet president. The Aztec empire was ultimately the most powerful civilization known throughout the Americas, until its downfall in part by the Spanish invasion. Seit 1970 bietet es Studierenden, Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern ein ausgezeichnetes, interdisziplinäres Forschungsumfeld mit zahlreichen nationalen und internationalen Kooperationen. Hernándo Cortés seized the Aztec elite's power in alliance with peoples who had been subjugated by this polity. Considering all of Latin America, the 10 largest ports in terms of movement are: Colon (Panama), Santos (Brazil), Manzanillo (Mexico), Bahia de Cartagena (Colombia), Pacifico (Panama), Callao (Peru), Guayaquil ( Ecuador), Buenos Aires (Argentina), San Antonio (Chile) and Buenaventura (Colombia). Latin America was more concerned with issues of economic development, while the United States focused on fighting communism, even though the presence of communism was small in Latin America.[96]. Brazil is the co-owner of the Itaipu Plant with Paraguay: the dam is located on the Paraná River, located on the border between countries. Historians cannot determine the number of natives who died due to European diseases, but some put the figures as high as 85% and as low as 25%. High inequality is rooted in the deepest exclusionary institutions of the Casta system[290][291][292] that have been perpetuated ever since colonial times and that have survived different political and economic regimes. Brazil has more than 1.7 million km of roads, of which 215,000 km are paved, and about 14,000 km are divided highways. Both rejected also European imperialism, claiming that the return of European countries to non-democratic forms of government was another danger for Latin American countries, and used the same word to describe the state of European politics at the time: "despotism." [172][173][174], The countries of Latin America seek to strengthen links between migrants and their states of origin, while promoting their integration in the receiving state. [277] The nuclear power generation monopoly is owned by Eletronuclear (Eletrobrás Eletronuclear S/A), a wholly owned subsidiary of Eletrobrás. The president-elect of Ecuador has manifested his intentions of following the same path. By the end of the eighteenth century, Spanish and Portuguese power waned on the global scene as other European powers took their place, notably Britain and France. [244][245][246] In 2018, the chemical industry of Brazil was the 8th in the world. Mexico was the twelfth largest, with 2.1 million barrels / day, Colombia in 20th place with 886 thousand barrels / day, Venezuela was the twenty-first place, with 877 thousand barrels / day, Ecuador in 28th with 531 thousand barrels / day and Argentina. Puerto Rican cinema has produced some notable films, such as Una Aventura Llamada Menudo, Los Diaz de Doris and Casi Casi. In addition, the tolerance of dual citizenship has spread more in Latin America than in any other region of the world. Furthermore, offspring of such liaisons were not recognized as belonging to new, distinct racial categories in North America as they were in Latin America. 4, pp. Historian Mauricio Tenorio-Trillo explores at length the "allure and power" of the idea of Latin America. Among the main Brazilian waterways, two stand out: Hidrovia Tietê-Paraná (which has a length of 2,400 km, 1,600 on the Paraná River and 800 km on the Tietê River, draining agricultural production from the states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás and part of Rondônia, Tocantins and Minas General) and Hidrovia do Solimões-Amazonas (it has two sections: Solimões, which extends from Tabatinga to Manaus, with approximately 1600 km, and Amazonas, which extends from Manaus to Belém, with 1650 km. Der Inhalt ist verfügbar unter der Lizenz. The hydroelectric generation represented 58% of the region's installed capacity, with the remaining 42% corresponding basically to the thermoelectric generation. More recently, films such as Amores Perros (2000) and Y tu mamá también (2001) enjoyed box office and critical acclaim and propelled Alfonso Cuarón and Alejandro González Iñárritu to the front rank of Hollywood directors. [252] Chile has about 82,000 km of roads, 20,000 km of which are paved, and about 2,000 km are divided highways. It played a role in his campaign to imply cultural kinship of the region with France, transform France into a cultural and political leader of the area, and install Maximilian of Habsburg as emperor of the Second Mexican Empire. [185] Countries with lowest homicide rate per year per 100,000 inhabitants as of 2015 were: Chile 3, Peru 7, Argentina 7, Uruguay 8 and Paraguay 9.[183][186]. In Bolivia, Aymara, Quechua and Guaraní hold official status alongside Spanish. [18] Edward Shawcross summarizes Ardao's and Rojas Mix's findings in the following way: "Ardao identified the term in a poem by a Colombian diplomat and intellectual resident in France, José María Torres Caicedo, published on 15 February 1857 in a French based Spanish-language newspaper, while Rojas Mix located it in a speech delivered in France by the radical liberal Chilean politician Francisco Bilbao in June 1856". After World War I, U.S. interventionism diminished, culminating in President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Good Neighbor policy in 1933. "Searching for 'Latin America': Race and Sovereignty in the Americas in the 1850s." Between 1832 and 1852, the country existed as a confederation, without a head of state, although the federalist governor of Buenos Aires province, Juan Manuel de Rosas, was given the powers of debt payment and international relations and exerted a growing hegemony over the country. Income from tourism is key to the economy of several Latin American countries. Beyond the rich tradition of indigenous art, the development of Latin American visual art owed much to the influence of Spanish, Portuguese and French Baroque painting, which in turn often followed the trends of the Italian Masters. Später kamen auch viele Sklaven aus Afrika in die Kolonien. Es ist also wahrscheinlich, dass der Wasserverbrauch inzwischen längst weiter gesunken ist, während bei uns die Debatte noch mit Zahlen aus dem Jahr 2011 geführt wird. In Latin America, few countries achieve projection in industrial activity: Brazil, Argentina, Mexico and, less prominently, Chile. This First Mexican Empire was short-lived, and was followed by the creation of a republic in 1823. However, Napoleon III, with intentions of establishing a French client state to further push his economic interests, pressured the other two powers to withdraw in 1862 (Greenspan; "French Intervention in Mexico…"). For Bilbao, "Latin America" was not a geographical concept, since he excluded Brazil, Paraguay and Mexico. [154] According to the 2005 Colombian census or DANE, about 3,331,107 Colombians currently live abroad. Lateinamerika umfasst begrifflich Zentralamerika, Mexiko, die Karibik und die Länder Südamerikas. A wave of imported U.S. films again damaged the industry in the early 1990s, though it soon recovered, thriving even during the Argentine economic crisis around 2001. [231], In the production of natural gas, in 2018, Argentina produced 1,524 bcf (billions of cubic feet), Mexico produced 999, Venezuela 946, Brazil 877, Bolivia 617, Peru 451, Colombia 379. Imports previously accounted for more than 70% of the country's oil needs but Brazil became self-sufficient in oil in 2006–2007. The corruption scandal of Odebrecht, a Brazilian conglomerate, has raised allegations of corruption across the region's governments (see Operation Car Wash). In the Spanish and Portuguese empires, racial mixing or miscegenation was the norm and something that the Spanish and Portuguese had grown rather accustomed to during the hundreds of years of contact with Arabs and North Africans in the Iberian peninsula. While several villages managed to resist the Mita, others offered payment to colonial administrators as a way out. [294] Differences in opportunities and endowments tend to be based on race, ethnicity, rurality and gender. [190] The cost of antiretroviral medicines remain a barrier for some in Latin America, as well as country wide shortages of medicines and condoms. In general, this artistic Eurocentrism began to fade in the early twentieth century, as Latin Americans began to acknowledge the uniqueness of their condition and started to follow their own path. With heavy resistance by Mexican rebels and the fear of United States intervention against France, forced Napoleon III to withdraw from Mexico, leaving Maximilian to surrender, where he would be later executed by Mexican troops under the rule of Porfirio Díaz. Other important airports are those in the capitals of Uruguay (Montevideo), Paraguay (Asunción), Bolivia (La Paz) and Ecuador (Quito). Vor allem in den USA benutzt man stattdessen den Begriff „Hispanic”, was so viel wie Spanier bedeutet. It received by far the largest number of international tourists, with 39.3 million visitors in 2017, followed by Argentina, with 6.7 million; then Brazil, with 6.6 million; Chile, with 6.5 million; Dominican Republic, with 6.2 million; Cuba with 4.3 million; Peru and Colombia with 4.0 million. North Region has large hydroelectric plants, such as Belo Monte Dam and Tucuruí Dam, which produce much of the national energy. The specific composition varies from country to country: some have a predominance of European-Amerindian or more commonly referred to as Mestizo or Castizo depending on the admixture, population; in others, Amerindians are a majority; some are dominated by inhabitants of European ancestry; and some countries' populations are primarily Mulatto. [140], The vast majority of Latin Americans are Christians (90%),[141] mostly Roman Catholics belonging to the Latin Church. pg 274–275, Schneider, Ronald M. Latin American Political History: Patterns and Personalities. A week later, two yachts offloaded 186 invaders onto Chris-Craft launches for a landing on the north coast. Primarily an Arawakan language, it has influences from Caribbean and European languages. In terms of gemstones, Brazil is the world's largest producer of amethyst, topaz, agate and one of the main producers of tourmaline, emerald, aquamarine, garnet and opal.

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